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I have found proof that Old Elf may be the name of the common language. I found nothing on the internet about this. I will be looking for proof in Arena and Daggerfall later. What do you think? Any knowledge about this?

Yakum Hairshashishi (tavern in Pelgiad) "Hello. Yakum. Speak Ashland. Old Elf, not so good speak."

Tamrielic is also known as Cyrodilic, and we know Imperial culture stems from the Ayleids, which in turn can be traced back to the Aldmer. The Ashlanders are isolated descendants of the nomadic Chimer, who would have been of Aldmeri culture. It makes sense that they would develop their own dialect. Therefore from their perspective, the common tongue is 'old'. It's worth noting that other Ashlanders apart from Yakum have no trouble communicating with the player, so it's not a very well developed subject.

This might be better off in the lore subforum.

I thought it was strange as well. Then when you ask him a question he talks normally x3

I remember Yakum. I attribute his initial greeting to a bit of character development, mocking the out-of-towners with the bumpkin dialect that they might expect to hear.

Latin is the foundation of the Romance languages. It even has influence over English. This strikes me as a similar situation with Aldmeri (incidentally, 'Ald' means 'Old', just as 'Alt' means 'High') being the root of most of the dialects that evolved later.

OP, are you sure the person didn't say ? That is one of several ancient languages still occasionally spoken in Tamriel. It's a dead language, like Latin in our own world, but it's used in religious texts sometimes. It's not the one Tamrielic is based on, though. That one evolved from a number of sources, mostly Aldmeris and Cyrodiilic.

To my recollection, the OP quoted Yakum correctly. I'm pretty sure the character is feigning hick.

"Hello. Yakum. Speak Ashland. Old Elf, not so good speak."

"What. Yakum. Me? Speak Ashland. Not speak so good Old Elf. Sorry?"

"Ah. You understand me a bit, yes? Hello, %PCName. Yakum greet you. Bless and be blessed. Speak Old Elf, yes, so Yakum learn. You know Ashlanders, yes, a little. Yakum is Ashlander."

... I don't think we can rule out the possibility that Yakum is just a little slow.